Holistic View Of The Bilingual Person English Language Essay

Comprehensive View Of The Bilingual Person English Language Essay The term bilingual in the psycholinguistic writing doesn't just apply to individuals who communicate in two dialects similarly well since they were presented continually to two unique dialects perhaps because of their folks two distinctive local dialects. Anyway Bilingualism alludes to the normal utilization of (at least two) dialects, and bilinguals are those individuals who need and utilize (at least two) dialects in their regular day to day existences. (Grosjean, 1992, pp. 51). This speaks to a comprehensive perspective on the bilingual individual as a skillful and complete communicator, then again however a bilingual individual is without a doubt not the consequence of the total of two monolinguals. As right on time as 1968, Macnamara, Krauthammer and Bolgar composed: Within specific cutoff points à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦, all bilinguals figure out how to keep their dialects particular and can change from one to the next. It follows that somewhat bilinguals experience their dialects as mentally unmistakable frameworks, and that they have some gadget to control which one is utilized at a specific time. Be that as it may, familiar bilinguals are equipped for exchanging between their two dialects, when for instance a third individual who can talk just one of the two dialects is pulled in a discussion or when the subject of the conversation unequivocally requests the utilization of the two dialects simultaneously. To explain this point, consider this circumstance portrayed by Judith Kroll You are sitting at a cafã © or at the air terminal when you catch a discussion in English that out of nowhere changes to another dialect and afterward back to English. In the event that you are a monolingual speaker of English, you may see the blend of dialects without understanding that you have tuned in to a noteworthy psychological achievement by the speaker. This uncommon accomplishment is rather a fairly normal element of bilinguals language use in which expressions of two dialects combine in a reasonable and significant discussion .. In this sense, a bilingual changes the phonetic structure, without alterating the considerable significance byusing a word which may address the feeling of a talk in a superior or more grounded way like picking between equivalents with a similar language (Sridhar, 1980). However when similar bilinguals address a monolingual they once in a while use or change to an elective language so as to keep the monolingual speaker from not understanding. These various conditions and an assortment of other circumstance where this ability emerges prompts question of how the data to be prepared or communicated is bound to the enactment or explanation of a relating word or expression in the suitable language. On one hand, for an individual over and again adapting to language switches inside the discussion, these evidently bizarre words come out of the blue and may maybe be more hard to process than their inside language partners. Then again for a bilingual who needs to pick in which language to talk, the way toward finding the correct word in the correct setting, which French and Jacquet (2004) allude to as lexical access may result amazingly complex , as notwithstanding the initiation of words in a single language other than the objective, other parole (words) in the other language may be dynamic too.,. Along these lines, the concurrent initiation of the two lexico-semantic represenations of a bilingual may address various answers resembled with the particular preparing methodology, word acknowledgment or creation, driven by the unique situation. In word acknowledgment, language participation is inactively passed on to an individual by the orthographical or phonological attributes of the word (). Nonetheless, in word creation, the speaker effectively and deliberately chooses which language to utilize. In this manner, the speaker can apply some control on lexical structures and pick the objective which best fits the informative setting among a lot of enacted portrayals. We don't guarantee that the instruments and neural elements enlisted for lexical access are fundamentally extraordinary in acknowledgment and creation, yet rather that the procedures associated with each might be at any rate in part unique. The point of this venture will be first to follow the impacts of a language switch on models of both language creation and language cognizance and second to distinguish the neural corresponds of language exchanging and the effect a switch may have on the intellectual procedures which rule lexical access so as to deliver or perceive a word. Bilingualism and language cognizance Language perception has been examined in bilingual populaces predominantly through errands in which bilinguals are considerably approached to react to composed words in either of their dialects. In such visual word distinguishing proof errands, the language switch is driven by the up and coming boosts in input, while the yield is executed by button press driven by a parallel choice. Countless investigations have tended to bilinguals execution in perception undertakings through both inside language and cross-language errands, for example, lexical choice (e.g., Dijkstra, Van Jaarsveld Ten Brinke, 1998; Dijkstra, Grainger, Van Heuven, 1999; von Studnitz Green, 2002), language choice, and categorisation assignments (e.g., Dufour Kroll, 1995; Grainger Frenck-Mestre, 1998). Starting investigations uncovered, for instance, that when bilinguals were approached to peruse language-blended sections, their exhibition endured contrasted with perusing single-language entries (Macnamara Kushnir, 1971). In lexical choice, reactions to words where a switch in language happens were more slow than those to a preliminary settled in an arrangement of words from same language s (Thomas Allport, 1995; Von Studnitz Green, 1997). Capacity to perceive words in a single language is by all accounts impacted by the language memebership of the word quickly going before (the essential language preparing impact) (Grainger Beauvillain, 1988; Grainger ORegan, 1992) even in arrangements of inconsequential words. Familiar bilinguals appear to serenely oversee whichever language they are mentioned to utilize, anyway in the entirety of the settings referenced simply over a language switch during understanding damages their presentation. This proof recommends that in any event, when bi linguals read (e.g., Dijkstra, 2005) or hear (e.g., Marian Spivey, 2003) one language alone, the two dialects are as yet dynamic. In this manner, a significant point here is to set up if and to what degree the other language is still there when bilinguals utilize one language alone. One method of testing this hypotheisis is to confine uncertain highlights of the bilinguals two dialects , significance to utilize words that halfway cover or are completely partaken in the two dialects. At the point when two dialects share a similar letter set, we may discover words considered cognates that appear to be identical and mean a similar thing also. For instance, In French and Italian, the words hotshot and balle are nearly spelled indistinguishably and have a similar significance and. In the event that bilinguals are extremely fit for closing down one language and dress as monolinguals, at that point execution on these exceptional words (cognates) ought not vary from that on particular and u nambiguous words. On the off chance that the other language results not to be in reserve however consistently on, at that point bilinguals ought to perform uniquely in contrast to monolinguals which in a lexical choice assignment should coordinate the objective with just a single conceivable applicant rather than two A related advantage on execution has been exhibited over an assortment of undertakings (De Groot and Poot, 1997; Van Hell De Groot, 1998a; Van Hell and Dijkstra, 2002;), giving generous proof that cognates are spoken to or handled uniquely in contrast to non-related interpretation comparable words in the subsequent language. Cognates and non-cognates additionally show diverse preparing impacts: in perhaps the most punctual investigation of the impacts of cognates, De Groot and Nas (1991) discovered cross-language redundancy preparing for the two cognates and non-cognates, yet cooperative preparing just for cognates. Given such proof they arrived at three resolutions: (1 ) the portrayals of both related and non-related interpretations at the lexical degree of portrayal are associated; (2) related interpretations share a portrayal at the theoretical level while (3) non-related interpretation reciprocals are spoken to in independent idea hubs. De Groot and associates model of related portrayal has kept on growing, however it remains immovably dependent on the rule that cognates portrayals in the two dialects are shared, or covering, more than those of non-cognates. As far as dispersed portrayals, Van Hell and De Groot (1998) depict the thought of cover as the examples of enactment for a related word and its interpretation being like each other, while the examples of initiation for a non-related word and its interpretation may share next to no for all intents and purpose. The more highlights are shared between words, the littler the lexical separation between their relating examples of enactment. Moreover, the related impact was seen not as confined distinctly to conditions where boosts are introduced in composed structure. Costa, Caramazza, and Sebastiã ¡n-Gallã ©s (2000), for instance, found that bilinguals named pictures with related names more rapidly than pictures with non-related names, while monolinguals demonstrated no distinction on a similar arrangement of pictures. This affirms the related advantage isn't exclusively because of orthographic cover in the introduced improvements. Numerous investigations have exploited these extraordinary properties of related words so as to decide how this etymological equivocalness impacts on bilinguals capacity to comprehend these words in just one of their two dialects. Proof originating from every one of these investigations emphatically bolsters that the language not being used might be in a kind of dozing mode and at any rate applies an impact on the bilinguals lexico-semantic framework in any event, when an errand tunes it to the next language. At the point when cross-language structure and importance meet, bilingual perfor

Macon free essay sample

Bach Chorale During the ornate period, music had certain attributes that are explicit to the timeframe. For instance, Contrast is a significant trademark in an extravagant show. The contrasts among uproarious and delicate, solo and group, deferent instruments and timbres all assume a significant job In numerous ornate sytheses. In past melodic times, a bit of music would in general comprise of a solitary song, maybe with a few tunes played simultaneously.Not until the extravagant period did the incept of tune and congruity really start to be utilized in music. The act of basso continuo likewise came into the focal point of music during the elaborate. The harpsichord was an exceptionally unmistakable instrument in the music during the rococo, and was included In huge numbers of the pieces. Drama was another creation during the ornate, and numerous authors started to compose show pieces. A show Is a dramatization that Is principally sung, joined by instruments, and introduced in front of an audience. We will compose a custom paper test on Macon or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Dramas normally switch back and forth between recitative, discourse like tune that propels the plot, and arias, melodies in which characters express sentiments at specific focuses in the activity. Ensembles and moves are likewise every now and again included. A large number of the shows depend on Greek folklore, and many are strict. A considerable lot of the most well known ornate organizations were acted In holy places for a help, or as a feature of a private show or festivity In the home of a rich supporter. Over the span of the elaborate, nonetheless, open exhibitions turned out to be progressively normal, especially in the class of show and oratorio.John Sebastian Bach was one of the baroques most popular authors. He was conceived in Sciences, Germany, into a group of working performers. In 1695, when he was only nine years of age, his folks kicked the bucket and he was sent to live with his sibling, Johann Christopher, an organist. While the lived with his sibling he figured out how to play the console and considered structure all alone. Bachs style Is elaborate, portrayed by a ton of notes, straightforward mitotic rhythms, and consistent movements of basic agreement, he music was depicted by certain individuals as sewing-machine music. Be that as it may, he investigated concordance substantially more profoundly than different writers of the time: contrasted with state Handel or Vivaldi, Bachs music can contain remarkably Jazzy harmonies and will hop off to various symphonious zones. Bachs tune Jesus shot skirmish Freud Is an ideal case of the music of the rococo period. It includes the basso continuo much like a considerable lot of different bits of the florid. It has an extremely light feel to it, which was famous of the music during the florid. Additionally, an ensemble, much like a congregation ensemble, sings it.

Create Your Masterpiece A 16-Step Guide

Create Your Masterpiece A 16-Step Guide Do you wish you could create something meaningful? Do you wish you had the time to work on that thing youve always wanted to produceâ€"that novel, that piece of art, that passion project? No need to keep wishing your life away. Based on my experienceâ€"i.e., years of procrastination, followed by a couple years of rigorous work, resulting in two personal masterpiecesâ€"Ive written a 16-step guide to get you started on your own masterpiece. If I could fire up the Delorean and rewind the last decade, this is everything I would tell my 21-year-old self about creating meaningful work. It would have been harsh, but I needed it, and it would have saved me a ton of heartache. Feel free to listen in. Step 1. Look yourself in the mirror. Its time for you to be honest with yourself, young Josh. Either youre accomplishing what you want to accomplish or youre not. There is no in-between. If its the latter, then you must admit to yourself that you are the only person preventing you from pursuing your passion project. Denial is a heartless bitch; so the first step is looking in the mirror and admitting that you havent even scratched the surface on creating something meaningful. Step 2. Kill your distractions. Make a list of everything getting in your way. Surfing the net too much? Get rid of the Internet at home. Are certain people draining all your time? Get rid of your shitty relationships. Are material possessions getting in the way? Get rid of your crap. Step 3. Make time every day. None of us were born equal. We come from different backgrounds, different cultures, different socioeconomic situations. Suffice it to say, we were not all born on a level playing field. Time is the one exception. The only thing we all have in common is time. We all have the same 24 hours in a day. So, get up at 3:30 a.m. if you have to. Find 30 minutes before you leave for work. Work through your lunch break. Find an hour after work. If you want it bad enough, youll find the time. You have the same amount of time as everyone else who has ever created a masterpiece. Step 4. Stop making excuses. I should do this. I should do that. I should, I should, I should. Too often, we should all over ourselves. You must instead make change a must. I must create a masterpiece! I must make time every day! I must kill my distractions! Those musts sound far more empowering than your shoulds, dont they? Step 5. Stop worrying. Most people are going to praise you for what you doâ€"theyll be proud of your masterpiece once its finishedâ€"but instead we tend to worry about the naysayers. Guess what: people are going to judge you. Some people are going to think what youre doing is stupid. Others will think youve lost your mind. But what other people think doesnt matter. They will be dead soon. And so will you and I. So we better get to work. Step 6. Grow a pair of balls. Step 7. Take incremental action. Nearly all masterpieces share two commonalities: time and action. Said another way, you have to do the work every day. You wont create your masterpiece overnight, so dont try. Its far more important to work on it each day. In the course of time, your daily actions will add up immensely. Eventually, youll look in lifes rearview mirror and everything will be different. Step 8. Change your physiology. Your brain and your body arent standing in opposite corners of the room. If you want to stimulate your mind, you must stimulate your body. So do something physical. Anything: Walk. Run. Hit the gym. Try yoga. Breathe. Exercise for 18 minutes a day. Trek 500 miles. Just do something to get your body moving. Motion creates emotion. Step 9. Focus. Focus on your masterpiece. Whatever you focus on, youll create. Think your project is crappy? Then it will be crappy. Think youll get it done no matter the odds? Then youll finish it even if you get hit by a bus. Step 10. Change your beliefs. One of the biggest reasons we dont accomplish what we set out to accomplish is our limiting beliefs. For years youve told yourself that youll never be this, youll never do that, youll never be good enough. But youre no different from  the people who have constructed their masterpieces. The people who create something specialâ€"something lastingâ€"arent necessarily smarter or funnier or better or more toothsome than you. They simply believed they could do it, and through this belief they didnt let anything stand in their way. Step 11. Become obsessed. Half of passion is love; the other half, obsession. Your masterpiece will feed off your obsession, growing mightily the more obsessed you become. Eventually, youll wake up thinking about it. Youll go to bed thinking about it. Youll think about it in the bathroom stall. This is good. Let your masterpiece become your obsession. Let it take over. Step 12. Cut the fat. Brevity is the soul of wit. Or perhaps, more accurately, brevity is wit. Julien Smiths book, The Flinch, is intentionally brief. The entire thing can be tweeted, page by page, line by line. Every line was carefully considered. Same goes for Everything That Remainsâ€"years of work, boiled down to a couple hundred pages. Sure, a masterpiece can be longer and more oblique and digressiveâ€"but does it need to be? Realize that you too can build something massive and then chisel it down to its essence. Do this and people will find value in your work. Step 13. Get the old guard out of the way. Are gatekeepers getting in your way? Cant talk to the person you want to pitch? Cant find an agent or a publisher willing to give you the time of day? Cant get on CNN or MTV? So what! Do it yourself. For the first time in history, you dont need the old guard. We live in an era where the Indians can circumvent the chiefs, taking their masterpieces straight to the tribe. Step 14. Make it inexpensive. Money was never the goal of your masterpiece, was it? No. You wanted people to hear your album or read your book or view your artâ€"to see, hear, feel, smell, and taste your masterpiece. So remove your boundaries and make it cheap (or give it away). Let it go. Its no longer yours anywayâ€"it belongs to the world. Step 15. Breathe. Pause and bask in the glory of your masterpiece. Go ahead: take it all in. Enjoy the moment. You deserve it. Step 16. Do it again. Return to step one. Get started on your next masterpiece. This lifetime can contain as many masterpieces as you allow. Lather, rinse, repeat. This essay was inspired by the homework assignment I wrote with my friend, New York Times bestselling author Julien Smith.

Impact Of Human Decisions On The Social Responsibility

This quote by J.W. Goethe focuses on the impact that human decisions have on their surrounding environments. Goethe’s view is that everyone, no matter their status in society, has the ability to make choices that determine their actions which inevitably affect other people either positively or negatively. This can be projected onto the social corporate responsibility context through the various decisions made by business personnel based on their ethical values which directly or indirectly affect their employees and other people in the society as well. People’s decisions are often based on their moral perceptions of things. These perceptions are often sculptured by their diverse cultural backgrounds thereby bringing varying moral perceptions of global issues. In corporate social responsibility, the social concept of morality can be traced to the traditional ethical theories attributed to ethical decision making especially among business personnel. These theories can be classified as either non-consequentialist or consequentialist theories. Consequentialist theories often base moral judgements on the results of engaging in a particular action and are often based on intended outcomes, the aims or the goals of the undertaken action. Non-consequentialist theories on the other hand base their moral judgements on the underlying principles of the decision maker’s motivation (Crane 2010). Consequentialist theories such as Egoism and utilitarianism often play a big role in the choicesShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of The Code Of E thics927 Words   |  4 PagesIn a professional setting, both business and social agencies work within the ethical code that reflect their professional view and role in a society. Most decision making is human services are made based on their own specific ethics (Brody Nair, 2014). 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A Startling Fact about Research Paper Proposal Uncovered

A Startling Fact about Research Paper Proposal Uncovered Here's What I Know About Research Paper Proposal You will not need to work on it until you complete the paper, and you probably won't need to include it at all if the last work is small, and there's barely anything you're able to summarize. Then you'll be able to pick a sample that will provide you with an accurate picture of which elements have to be in your research paper, together with any stylistic ideas. There's also a plethora of various research paper topics to be found on the net. The same as in books advertised online, only certain parts of the paper is going to be exposed. Research Paper Proposal: the Ultimate Convenience! Bear in mind that no matter in which you discover your sample paper whether online or within a library you will have to make significant modifications to it. Show confidence your proposal can ensure it is further and your research isn't just so that you can find a passing grade. There is a lways next year, and maybe it will be successful the next time. The Upside to Research Paper Proposal Funding Proposal Forms can be difficult and slightly complicated. Research proposals are an important task that results in the approval and displeasure of a research that you intend to do. Writing a proposal might be a tedious and complicated undertaking, especially if asking for a grant. A top quality proposal, on the opposite hand, not only promises success for the undertaking, but in addition impresses your Thesis Committee about your potential for a researcher. The most important title of the proposal provides the aim of the project. Want to Know More About Research Paper Proposal? Writing quality essays is the principal purpose of our services. It is a gift that comes naturally. You won't prevent Research Proposal writing if you're excited to acquire your graduate degree. Writing a research proposal engages numerous skills. The Hidden Facts About Research Paper Proposal Order top-notch essay at this time and certified specialists will do their very best to supply you with higher quality at affordable price. In general provisions, research proposals try to demonstrate that the authors are aware of what they are doing. If you use any of the next formats, the professor is going to be satisfied. The Advantages of Research Paper Proposal The type of essay y ou're looking for will be offered to you within the deadline provided to you. The first goal of every introduction is going to be to herald to the readers that something serious which needs to be taken care of properly in the body of the expression paper. What makes writing research proposals tough is that they require that you propose an original and intriguing idea. The research proposal is you method for demonstrating that you own a notion that's of worth and can contribute essential info to the specific area of your pick. If you are going to be conducting your own research, including through a survey or a scientific experiment, you should outline the precise process that you want to use. Be certain that you identify what you'll be working on so that you've got an objective. Be sure that the link between the research objectives and the research technique is evident. The thought that the presenter would like to promote concerning the research undertaking, must get to the audience effectively. Even now, in the fields of company and science, it's still true that you have to earn project proposals. There are lots of examples of research project proposals online that could be studied. University websites You will locate many templates on university sites. Research Paper Proposal Explained It is very important to convince your reader of the prospective effect of your proposed research. You should produce a notion and offer some evidence. Typically, a research proposal should contain all the critical elements involved with the research procedure and include sufficient information for those readers to rate the proposed study. Even more, it gives the evidence you have not made your selection of topic randomly but you're genuinely interested in the topic and consulted various distinct sources and studied about the principal issues or questions in the area of research. The case study proposal template is very helpful in businesses because case studies play a significant part in growing businesses. Proposals aren't simple to write since they require that you read a good deal and analyze everything in a really critical method. The proposal would require a specific to merely collect some truths and concrete info to support a primary thesis or insurance claim they want to make. A number of the proposals are 3-5 pages long and give no more than the overall idea about what you're suggesting to do, while the others can be over 30 pages long and, subsequently, provide a lot more info about your plans.

In this assignment, we would present our findings on whether Singaporeans are receptive to Telecommuting Free Essays

In this assignment, we would present our findings on whether Singaporeans are receptive to Telecommuting. Telecommuting is the substitution of telecommunication for transportation, permitting work to be performed at a remote site anywhere except from the office. We conclude that Singaporeans are not very receptive to Telecommuting although Singapore is quite a technologically advanced country in Information Technology. We will write a custom essay sample on In this assignment, we would present our findings on whether Singaporeans are receptive to Telecommuting or any similar topic only for you Order Now A total of 20 respondents ( males and females) were asked to complete a survey form. Their age group was around 21-30 years of age. They were mainly made up of NUS students and system analysts. Among the 20 interviewees, 55% indicated that their current jobs do not require them to telecommute. Half of the 20 respondents spend on the average, 0-10 work-related hours in front of the computer every week. In addition, 90% of them feel that Telecommuting could not replace most of the jobs in Singapore. Below are the four highly topped responses that the interviewees made regarding their feelings towards Telecommuting in general. In the survey, 90% of those participating recognize that there is a loss in human touch while 85% of the interviewees feel that there is a loss in team cohesion. Telecommuting may cause a relative loss of synergy, because of reduced face-to-face contact, although electronic mail and on-line documentation can counterbalance this. Thus, Telecommuting results in less social interaction and reduced contact with the physical part of the organization (the office). This leads to isolation, loneliness and a reduced sense of identification with the organization and its members. The survey reported that 80% of the interviewees recognize that there is no need to commute with telecommuting. Telecommunication technology lets telecommuters transform almost any space into a workplace. Instead of going to work, telecommuters let work come to them. Time is saved too when the telecommuter does not have to travel to work. He beats the hassle of traveling to work and getting stuck in traffic jams. The time saved can be used to generating more output for his work. Moreover, 70% of those participating in the survey feel that they are able to spend more time with family and friends with Telecommuting. Telecommuting can help balance work and family demands. In this sense, Telecommuting can play a part in helping to bond the family together. When the parent does not have to leave home to go to work, he/she is able to spend more time at home with his family. The parent is able to show more concern for his children and spouse, as he/she knows what is going on in their lives. This will greatly improve the family cohesiveness. We found out that 65% of the interviewees think they are not able to work from home. This could be because Telecommuting requires unwavering self-discipline as telecommuters can make a choice between eight hours of work time or eight hours of web-surfing. The latter is of course more tempting. The reasons why Singaporeans are not receptive to Telecommuting might be due to three reasons. Singaporeans have a collectivistic culture and value team cohesion as well as membership. They are socialized to be emotionally dependent on organizations and institutions. As a result, Singaporeans are not used to the idea of Telecommuting. Firstly, the close proximity between family members due to Singapore’s small physical size makes Telecommuting unfeasible. Secondly, the accessibility of Singapore due to its efficient transport network ensures that employees can commute between home and office quickly. How to cite In this assignment, we would present our findings on whether Singaporeans are receptive to Telecommuting, Papers

The importance of the Renaissance in Italy Essay Example For Students

The importance of the Renaissance in Italy Essay Renaissance in Italy. Answer: The Renaissance, literally the rebirth, was Just that to Italy. As the Middle Ages came to a close, so too did the overshadowing gloom finally subsidize in Italyand eventually Europe. The new view on human existence spread like wild fire and spawned a rekindled secular approach that embraced the Individualist movement (the successful demonstration of human powers), the artistic (and architectural) Realism approach, and as the divine right of the church and its clergy became more scrutinized, it helped spawned the literary Inquisition of the Humanists. Additionally, the pursuit of literature and arts led to more application and study of the natural sciences and revalidated the importance of the University. However, the Renaissance, despite the foundation of humanities and ripple of challenge of religion, did not necessarily mean that Italy would rise like the phoenix from Romeos ashes. We will write a custom essay on The importance of the Renaissance in Italy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In fact, militarily and religiously, quite the opposite happened. The very threadbare on which the pre-Renaissance Europe was based, that is the Roman church, was grossly neglected and as the church lost power and influence, the door was slowly creaked open for the Wars of Religion that were Just around the corner. In the city-states, another concept that was rekindled and strengthened by the Renaissance, the political involvement and evolution was completely stinted, and as the political realm lost power, so too did the city-state militaries. Regardless of the impact of the Renaissance on Europe and Italy, regardless of how great society came at the spawning of a human power movement, the fact that its stranglehold allowed the Italian military to simply disintegrate while European and Mediterranean hostilities were still rampant must be considered the most important Italy-internal consequence of the movement. From the failure of the city-states to maintain an army, and the holier-than-thou approach that the Individualist attitude held (the common man was much too engrossed in his pursuit of greatness to serve in the military), the mercenary became the only choice. As Italy realized, and too late, the necessity of maintaining an army against their enemiesspecifically, the Spanish and Frenchthey scrambled to hire conditioner (private for-hire armies) to protect their interest. However, these mercenary armies owed loyalty to no specific city-state, and as the city-states began internal conflicts and armies fought whenever and for whomever they pleased, the Spain and France looked to reap the benefits of a divided Italy with nothing but unfaithful mercenary armies to protect itself.

Torture may be the answer for a growing terrorist problem essays

Torture may be the answer for a growing terrorist problem essays Mother always said to tell the truth and be good. If people took this to heart the country wouldnt be facing the crime and terrorist problem. When people are arrested, they will do whatever they can to get out of their accusations; they will get the best lawyers, try to put on a face of innocence, tamper with evidence, make up a false alibi, and frequently lie. Its true they have to swear oath and put their hand on the bible. Lying under oath my be a sin to some, but not to others. When their lives are at stake, people will do whatever they can to seem innocent. So how is a judge or a jury supposed to get the truth and only the truth out of a criminal? The concept seems so simple, but it is very complicated. I will argue that torture should be allowed in the United States because it would help to get valuable information out of suspects. Torture is definitely not one sided, nor is it that easy to decide if and when torture should be used in each individual situation. It is easier to be against torture than to be for it. Torture is cruel and barbaric, and criminals whether guilty or thought to be shouldnt have to go through torture. Michael Levin says that torturing a terrorist maybe unconstitutional, but it maybe needed in times of great need (356 Levin). If someone is proven guilty, then they will receive their proper punishment, but if they are tortured, they are receiving punishment before they were tried in a court. Torture goes against the classic American belief of liberty and freedom to all people, including the phrase innocent until proven guilty. Since this country stands for liberty and freedom to all people, American citizens shouldnt have to live in fear of criminals, but on the other hand, they should not have to worry that they would be tortured for every petty crime like shop lifting or speeding. Torture shouldnt be an every day happ...

Alternatives to Using Said When Quoting a Source

Alternatives to Using Said When Quoting a Source Alternatives to Using Said When Quoting a Source When discussing the arguments of other thinkers, as we often have to do when writing a paper, you might find yourself writing so and so says quite often. While this is good enough most of the time, you may also want to vary your word choice. Moreover, in academic writing, says or said might not fully communicate what you intend. It may therefore be better to use a more precise alternative. Alternatives to Said There are plenty of synonyms for said that can be used in academic writing. For instance, if we imagine quoting an author called Johnson, instead of Johnson says that, we could write: States (Johnson states that the results are consistent with past studies) Asserts (Johnson asserts that the technique is flawed) Argues (Johnson argues that the test should be revised) Claims (Johnson claims that the conclusion is valid) Believes (Johnson believes that modern science should be trusted) However, it should be noted that most of these words are more specific than said. As such, youll need to check that the word you pick fits the situation. Saying that Johnson argues such and such, for instance, only makes sense if you are quoting an argument. As such, it wouldnt make sense to say Johnson argues that his favorite ice-cream is vanilla, since this is an opinion, not an argument. Likewise, some terms have connotations that you need to understand before you use them. The word alleges, for instance, can be a synonym for says, but it implies that the claim is unproven, controversial or doubtful. It therefore has quite a specific use. Nor should you avoid using the word says in your work. Its simply a case of being aware of how often you use particular terms and trying to find a suitable alternative if you are using any single term (including said) too much.

I have to write a research paper on the evolution of crying

I have to write a on the evolution of crying - Research Paper Example It is the hope of this author that such an analysis will provide the reader with a greater understanding of human emotional/evolutionary responses as well as the means by which such responses are understood, translated, and acted upon by individuals. Naturally, an evolutionary understanding of the process of crying necessarily requires both a biological, physiological, psychological, and sociological approach. Accordingly, each of these approaches will be analyzed at some length been the preceding analysis. Likewise, in addition to analyzing Charles Darwin and his theories put forward in The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals, current research within the past seven years on the topic will also be heavily relied upon in order to draw a level of inference an understanding on to the subject matter at hand. As with many forms of scientific analysis that seek to draw inference with regards to the early evolution of mankind, it is not always possible to draw directly upon the extant /hard evidence in order to prove the complexities surrounding such a level of emotional and survival – linked behavior. Rather, it is necessary to draw upon current evidence and help to link it to the needs based approach that has so often been proven to exist with regards to the biological process of evolution. ... Said Darwin in The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals, â€Å"The primary function of the secretion of tears, with some mucus, is to lubricate the surface of the eye, and a secondary one, as some believe, is to keep the nostrils damp, so that the inhaled air may be moist, and likewise to favorites power of smelling. But another, and at least equally important function of tears is to wash out particles of dust or other minute objects which make it into the eyes† (Darwin, 2007). From such an observation, the reader can easily determine that although Darwin was cognizant of the fact that human tears were an exhibition that was unique within the animal kingdom, he did not seem to place a very high-value on the way in which the emotional excretion of tears was important or relevant to the evolutionary process itself (Coulson, 2011). Naturally, such an oversight simplifies the expression of tears and calls into question why humans have developed such a response in such stark c ontrast to the other members of the animal kingdom. Ultimately, Darwin does not provide a reasonable rationale for this and such a question has been left up to more recent evolutionary research on to this topic. Although will not be the express purpose of this analysis to analyze other evolutionary interpretations, it must be understood that prior to the last 15 to 20 years, almost all evolutionary explanations surrounding human crying were concentric upon trying to define it as a necessary biological function that helps to lubricate mucous membranes, expunge the body of toxins, or other non-emotional or impact that can definitions and understandings of such an exhibition. However, recent research has helped to broaden the understanding and

Course Project Benefit Plan Analysis Term Paper

Course Project Benefit Plan Analysis - Term Paper Example Organization profile This report assesses and analyzes the benefit plan and design. It revolves around the profile of an organization called the Metropolitan Chicago Health Council (MCHC). This organization is engaged in the provision of valued added healthcare services, governmental advocacy and educational services. It has a wide range of hospital human resources section requirements which handles the benefit plan on behalf of the employees. The benefits that the employees accrue involve an indirect compensation designed to improve the quality of work together the personal lives of all employees. The benefits for the employees are approximately 43% of their total gross salary. Since these benefit programs are costly in nature, this report looks into their costly nature. It further acknowledges the need for a revision of these benefits programs in order to meet the current regulatory requirements and changing market needs. Benefits program The benefit program also requires developme nt of structural choices at all levels. According to Bohlander (2009), the inclusion of defined or non-defined retirement schemes in the benefit plan leads to risks and more workload in terms of resource management. The project will consider the need of considering factors to be taken into consideration when implementing the benefit plan and the reason for stakeholder involvement. Main focus is centered towards the aspect of cost of the benefit program. Solutions relating to the cost issue are cost analysis, cost description and cost minimization. Cost minimization will be the preferred solution out of the three. Cost analysis and description are equally good though cost minimization ensures maximum and optimal benefits to both the employer and employee in the short and long run. Characteristics of a sound benefit plan A sound benefit plan should be the one that values all the needs of both the employees and the employer. It should also take into consideration the ever changing mark et expectations both in the short and long term and should also meet all the regulatory requirements (Rosen, 2005). Finally, it should be cost effective meaning that cost are easily managed and kept at a minimum. Part 2: Statement of the issue The issue in Metropolitan Chicago Health Council is the need for a revision of its benefits programs in order to meet the current regulatory requirements and changing market needs. Health benefits for employees are issued by insurance companies. The criterion used in deciding the kind of benefit to be given to each employee is that of expertise and skill. Most of the benefit packages are custom made by worksite solutions. Every staff member is given a custom benefit statement that included the salary. With the increased demand in healthcare benefit schemes, the cost of implementing and sustaining the benefit plans has increased. Therefore, cost minimization is a goal in most organization. An online system is an advantageous way of minimizing c osts. This is because it

Effect of Feed on the Mineral Composition of Labeo Rohita

Effect of Feed on the Mineral Composition of Labeo Rohita Khalid Javed Iqbal*1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Arshad Javid2, Farzana Abbas1, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman1, Fayyaz Rasool1, Noor Khan1 , Sumaira Abbas1 and Muhammad Altaf 2 ABSTRACT Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of plant-fishmeal feed and/or plant by-product based feed on minerals composition of Labeo rohita. Fish fed on rice polish alone served as control (T0). Feed ingredients were grouped together with two ingredients in each test diet which served as an independent trial during these studies. Group 1(T1) contained guar meal and canola meal, group 2(T2) soybean meal and cotton seed meal, group 3(T3) guar meal and cotton seed meal, group 4(T4) soybean meal and canola meal and group 5(T5) fishmeal and canola meal. Each group including control had two replicates. 12 earthen ponds with uniform area of 0.03 ha each, were randomly stocked with 100 fish (average weight 200 g) in each following standard stocking protocols. All the 12 ponds were then randomly allotted to individual treatment including control group. Experimental fish were fed @ 4% of their wet biomass twice a day. Minerals specifically Na, Ca, Fe, Zn, and Cu significantly differed (Pâ ‰ ¤0.05) among treatments which might be linked with their variable release in digestive system of fish in the presence of various anti-nutritional factors. Key Words: fishmeal; soybean meal; canola meal; Ca; Na. INTRODUCTION Fish is rich in animal protein, low in cholesterol and high in unsaturated fatty acids (Kromhout et al., 1995; Zenebe et al., 1998a; Arts et al., 2001; Fawole et al., 2007) and due its these peculiar qualities is preferred over red meats (Sadiku and Oladimeji, 1991; Mozaffarian et al., 2003; Foran et al., 2005;). Nutritional quality of fish is however, not uniform and varies a lot among different fish species even within species when cultured under environments and different culture systems. Among herbivorous fish varieties Labeo rohita is preferred among consumers due to its typical taste and texture and among culturists due to growth, hardiness and wide range feeding habits. That is the reason that it is dominant fish in current fish cultural practices (Khan et al., 2004; Hussain et al., 2011; FAO, 2000; Chaudhuri et al., 1974). Other than nutritional competencies the fish is an important economic source, and its culture is rapidly growing not only in developing countries but in developed contraries too (Delgado et al., 2002; Louka et al., 2004). The success of fish culture depends on availability and selection of appropriate diets that are proficiently digested, are cost effective and provide the necessary nutrients for optimal growth (Mokolensang et al., 2003). Improvement and selection of appropriate feed ingredients has pronounced effect on the nutritional values, fish growth and its adjunct qualities (Shioya et al., 2011; Yang et al., 2011). Cost effective quality feed has pivotal role in fish production and has always been a constraint in the expansion of fish culture and in sustained development of aquaculture industry. It determines growth, flesh composition, especially lipid, mineral content of produced fish and ultimately market response (Izquierdo et al., 2003; Rasmussen, 2001). Among other nutrients minerals also has an important role and contribute to the growth of fish being an integral components of many enzymes involved metabolism (Glover and Hogstrand, 2002). Several minerals are required for proper development and normal execution of organism’s bodily functions as Ca is necessary element for the bone development (Erkan and Ozden, 2007) and Ca, Mg, Na and K, are involved in cellular metabolism which are usually found in higher quantities in biological tissues (Wagner and Boman, 2003). Zn is well known to be involved in most metabolic pathways in plants and animals (Hambidge, 2000). Copper, iron and manganese are essential for maintenance of normal growth and reproduction (Turkmen et al., 2005; Roy and Lall, 2006). Fish is a major source of Fe (Fraga, 2005) which is involved in blood synthesis in liver (Wagner and Boman, 2003), is an integral component of oxygen carrying protein from lungs to the tissues (Wagner and Boman, 2003; Camara et al., 20 05). Mn is required in minute quantities on daily basis for better health and growth in humans and its deficiency may result in nervous system disorder (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2004). Keeping in view all the above mentioned concerns the present study is planned to find out the effect of plant-fishmeal feed and/or plant by-product based feed on minerals profile of Labeo rohita. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental site and study trials This three month study was conducted in earthen ponds of the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus Pattoki, using juvenile Labeo rohita as an experimental animal. Experimental design Studies were designed following Completely Randomized Design (CRD). There were 5 treatments and a control with two replicates in each group and whole trial was managed in 12 ponds. 100 juveniles of Labeo rohita having mean body weight of 200g were randomly stocked in each pond (0.03 ha) and then all these ponds were arbitrarily distributed among 5 treatments and a control. Five experimental diets pertaining to each treatment, by proportionate ratio of the two feed ingredients was maintained at 1:1 i.e. (T1) guar meal and canola meal, (T2) soybean meal and cotton seed meal, (T3) guar meal and cotton seed meal, (T4) soybean meal and canola meal, (T5) fishmeal and canola meal and a control diet (T0) i.e. rice polish with two replicates in each. Fish were regularly fed @ 4% of wet body weight twice a day. Proximate analysis Feed proximate analysis was analyzed by using Bà ¼chi NIR Technology (Bà ¼chi NIRFlex N-500) Feed were dried and finally ground in pestle and mortar and then placed in sampler cups. The cups were placed in Bà ¼chi NIR machine for two minutes which then displayed a complete proximate analysis report which was saved for future use (Table 1). Table 1 Proximate analysis of feed combinations Mineral analysis Well ground 0.5 g sample was taken in conical flask which 10 ml HNO3 was added in. Mixture was then boiled for 15 minutes at 60 0C and then 5 ml perchloric acid was added and boiled it again for another 15 minutes at 60 0C. Sample flask was then placed on hot plate and heated till sample volume reduced to 1 ml. This sample was diluted to 100 ml by addition of distilled water. Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) were measured by flame photometric method while calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mg) were determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis The data generated during the course of this trial from various sources was analyzed by one way ANOVA using SAS software to determine the significance of various treatment groups. Difference among various means obtained from computation of treatment data sets was compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test to indentify the presence of variations. Probability level for these tests was fixed at P≠¤0.05. RESULTS Mineral composition of Labeo rohita showed statistically significant (P ≠¤ 0.05) differences in Na, Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu content while non-significant in K and Mg. Significantly higher Na (27.400 ±0.98 ppm) was observed in fish fed on T2 and the lowest (18.05 ±5.30 ppm) in T4, similarly significantly higher Ca content was observed in fish fed on T5 (14.245 ±0.09 ppm) while the lowest in T3 (10.515 ±0.09 ppm), significantly higher Fe content was recorded for fish fed on T5 (5.960 ±0.87 ppm) while the lowest in T4 (1.910 ±0.14 ppm), significantly higher (0.815 ±0.09 ppm) and lower (0.470 ±0.04 ppm) Zn contents were observed in T1 and T2. Higher Cu concentrations were recorded in fish fed on T3 (0.045 ±0.01 ppm) and lower in fish fed on T0 (0.015 ±0.01 ppm), higher values of K was observed on T2 (68.550 ±23.97 ppm) while lower for T3 (53.100 ±2.82 ppm), maximum Mg values were observed for T1 (3.270 ±0.11 ppm) and minimum for T2 (2.915 ±0.10 ppm) (Table -2). Table 2 Effect of feed on mineral composition of Labeo rohita DISCUSSION In present study mineral composition of Labeo rohita showed significant (P ≠¤ 0.05) variation in Na, Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu content in different treatments. Statistically significantly higher Na, Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu were observed in fish were observed in T2, T5, T5, T1, T3 while non-significantly higher K and Mg were observed in T2 and T1 respectively. Contrary to our study Khan et al. (2012) observed non-significant variations in mineral content in major carps reared in mono and polyculture systems. Similarly Luczynska et al. (2009) also observed non-significant differences in fishes having different feeding niches. During present study significantly higher Na was observed in fish fed T2 and lower in fish fed wit T4. Comparatively higher Na concentrations were observed in marine fish by Pirestani et al. (2009). Significantly higher Ca was observed in fish fed on T5 and lower for fish fed on T3. Our findings are in line with Babalola, et al. (2011) who observed significant variations in c oncentration of Ca among different commercial fish species of Nigeria. Significantly higher Fe content was observed in fish fed on T5 and lower in fish fed on T4 during present analysis. Mean Fe values were observed within the ranges given by Pirestani et al. (2009) in C. carpio. Babalola et al. (2011) observed non significant differences in Fe content among different commercial fishes of Nigeria. Significantly higher Zn was determined in fish fed with T1 while lower on T2 during present study. Contrary to our study Stezycka et al. (2003) observed higher Zn content in non-predatory fishes and marine fish species (Pirestani et al., 2009). During present study significantly higher Cu concentration was determined in fish, fed on T3 while lower for T0 diet. Contrary to our study Pirestani et al. (2009) observed higher Cu concentrations in fish collected from South Caspian Sea. During present analysis higher Mg concentrations were observed in fish fed on T1 while lower for T2 diets. Our findings confirm Babalola et al. (2011) who observed non-significant dif ferences in Mg content among different commercial fishes of Nigeria. Contrary to our observations Pirestani et al. (2009) found significantly higher Mg content in different commercial fishes of Nigeria. During present study higher K values were determined for fish fed on T2 while lower for T3. Contrary to our study significantly higher K contents were recorded in different commercial fishes of Nigeria (Pirestani et al. 2009), freshwater fish species (Achionye-Nzeh et al. 2011) and commercial fishes of Sudan (Mohamed et al. 2010). REFERENCES Achionye-Nzeh C. G., Adedoyin O. M., Oyebanji, S., and Mohammed M.O., 2011, Mineral composition of some marine and freshwater fishes. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America. 2(7): 1113-1116. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), 2004. Agency for toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA. Available from: http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/. Arts, M. T., Ackman, R. G. and Holub, B. J., 2001. Essential fatty acids in aquatic ecosystems: a crucial link between diet and human health and evolution. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58: 122–137. Babalola, A. F., Adeyemi, R. S., Olusola, O. A., Salaudeen, M. M., Olajuyigbe, O. O., and Akande, G. R., 2011. Proximate and Mineral Composition in the Flesh of Five Commercial Fish Species in Nigeria. Internet Journal of Food Safety, Vol.13, 2011, p.208-213 Camara, F., Amaro, M. A., Barbera, R. and Clemente, G. 2005. Bioaccessibility of minerals in school meals: comparison between dialysis and solubility methods. Food Chemistry, 92: 481-489. Chaudhuri, H., Chakraborty, R. D., Rao, N. G. S., Janakiram, K., Chatterjee, D. K. and Jena, S., 1974. Record production with intensive culture of Indian and Exotic carps.Current Science,43(10), 303–304. Delgado, C. L., Rosegrant, M.W., Wada, N., Meijer, S. and Ahmed, M., 2002. Fish as food: Projections to 2020 under different scenarios. Washington, D.C.: Markets and Structural Studies Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, 2002. Online at: http:www.ifpri.org/divs/mtid/dp/papers/mssdp52.pdf. Erkan, N. and Ozden, O., 2007. Proximate composition and mineral contents in aquaculture sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), sea bream (Sparus aurata) analyzed by ICP-MS. Food Chemistry, 102: 721-725. FAO., 2000. Fishery statistics (Aquaculture Production). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 90(2): 22-131. Fawole, O. O., Ogundiran, M. A., Ayandiran, T. A. and Olagunju, O. F., 2007. Mineral composition in some selected fresh water fishes in Nigeria. Journal of Food Safety, 9: 52-55. Foran, J. A., Carpenter, D. O., Hamilton, M. C., Knuth, B. A. and Schwager, S. J., 2005. Risk- based consumption advice for farmed Atlantic and wild pacific salmon contaminated with dioxins and dioxin- like compounds. Environmental health perspectives, 33: 552-556. Fraga, C. G., 2005. Relevance, essentiality and toxicity of trace elements in human health. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 26: 235-244. Glover, C. N. and Hogstrand, C., 2002. Amino acids in vivo intestinal zinc absorption in freshwater rainbow trout. Journal of Experimental Biology, 205: 151-158. Hambidge, M., 2000. Human zinc deficiency. Journal of Nutrition, 130: 1344S-1349S. Hussain, S. M., Rana, S. A., Afzal, M. and Shahid, M., 2011. Efficacy of phytase supplementation on mineral digestibility in Labeo rohita fingerlings fed on corn gluten meal (30%) based diets. Pakistan Journal of Agriculture Science, 48:237-241. Izquierdo MS, Obach A, Arantzamendi L, Montero D, Robaina L, Rosenlund G (2003). Dietary lipid sources for sea bream and sea bass: Growth performance, tissue composition and flesh quality. Aquacult. Nutr. 9: 397-407. Khan, M. A., Ahmed, I. and Abidi, S. F., 2004. Effect of ration size on growth, conversion efficiency and body composition of fingerling mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton). Aquaculture Nutrition, 10: 47-53. Khan, N., Ashraf, M., Qureshi, N. A., Sarker, P. K., Vandenberg, G. W. and Rasool, F., 2012. Effect of similar feeding regime on growth and body composition of Indian major carps (Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo rohita) under mono and polyculture. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(44), 10280-10290. Kromhout, D., Feskens, E. J. and Bowles, C. H., 1995. The protective effect of a small amount of fish on coronary heart disease mortality in an elderly population. International Journal of Epidemiology, 24: 340-345. Louka, N., Juhel, F., Fazilleau, V. and Loonis, P., 2004. A novel colorimetry analysis used to compare different drying fish processes. Food Control, 15: 327-334. Luczynska, j., Tonska, E., luczynski, J. M., 2009. Essential mineral components in the muscles of six freshwater fish from the Mazurian Great Lakes (northeastern Poland). Arch. Pol. Fish. 17: 171-178. Mohamed, H. A. E., Rabie Al-Maqbaly and H. Mohamed Mansour. 2010. Proximate composition, amino acid and mineral contents of five commercial Nile fishes in Sudan. African Journal of Food Science. 4(10), 650-654. Mokolensang, J. F., Yamasaki, S. and Onoue, Y., 2003. Utilization of Shochu distillery by-products for culturing the common carp (Cyprinus carpio L). On Line Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(5), 502-507. Mozaffarian, M. D., Rozenn, N. L., Lewis, H. K., Gregory, L. B., Russell, P. T. and Davis, S. S., 2003. Cardiac benefits of fish consumption may depend on type of fish meal consumed. Circulation, 107:1372-1382. Pirestani, S., Sahari, A. M., Barzegar, M. and Seyfabadi, S. J., 2009. Chemical compositions and minerals of some commercially important fish species from the South Caspian Sea. International Food Research Journal, 16: 39-44. Rasmussen, R. S., 2001. Quality and farmed salmonids with emphasis on proximate composition, yield and sensory characteristics. Aquaculture, 32: 767-786. Roy, P. K. and Lall, S. P., 2006. Mineral nutrition of haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus (L.): a comparison of wild and cultured stock. Journal of Fish Biology, 68: 1460-1472. Sadiku, S. O. E. and Oladimeji, A. A., 1991. Relationship of proximate composition of Lates niloticus (L), synodontis schall. Research Communications, 3: 29-40. Shioya I., Inoue, K., Abe, A., Takeshita, A. and Yamaguchi, T., 2011. Beneficial effects on meat quality of yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata induced by diets containing red pepper. Fisheries Science, 77: 883-889. Stezycka E., Bzdà ªga J., Pawlikowska K. and Siwicki, A., 2003. Metals content in fish caught in Wloclawek surroundings, zywienie Czlowieka Methbolizm. 30: 593-597 (in Polish). Turkmen, A., Turkmen, M., Tepe, Y. and Akyrt, I., 2005. Heavy metals in three commercially valuable fish species from Iskenderun Bay, Northen East Mediterranean Sea, Turkey. Food Chemistry, 91: 167-172. Wagner, A. and Boman, J., 2003. Biomonitoring of trace elements in muscle and liver tissue of freshwater fish. Spectrochimica Acta (Part B), 58: 2215-2226. Yang S. D., Tung, T. Y., Chou, R. L., Lan, H. L., Chen, G. R., Pai, J. N., Liu, F. G. and Chen, T. I., 2011. Comparison of the effects of two floating pellets on the growth and meat quality of Japanese Eel (Anguilla japonica). Journal of Taiwan Fisheries Research, 19: 17-28. Zenebe, T., Ahigren, G. and Boberg, M., 1998a. Fatty acid content of some freshwater fish of commercial importance from tropical lakes in the Ethiopian rift valley. Journal of Fish Biology, 53: 987-1005.

Job Rotation Programs Essay

Job rotation programs are very enriching but require much energy from both the company implementing the program as well as the employees. Job rotation is the systematic movement of employees from job to job within an organization. Job rotation is a systematic career development strategy that moves employees laterally and offers customized assignments for specialized learning. Rotation assignment can run from six to eighteen months or longer. Employees who participate in job rotation programs develop a wide range of skills, and generally they are more adaptable to changes in jobs and careers and more engaged and satisfied with their jobs in comparison with workers who specialized in a single skill set or domain. † (Fiester, 2008) Participating in a job rotation program helps to prevent stagnation and job monotony as well as the opportunity to explore alternative career options within the organization. I participated in Chrysler’s Management Trainee program and I was able to work in four distinct areas of the Procurement and Supply. As a buyer, I was able to see just how everything comes together. I worked with engineers and sales teams and helped with cost cutting measures. I moved into the position of transit supervisor and worked with the trucking industry. That allowed me to get close to the Just-in-Time side of the business and working with drivers, plant schedules and winter weather problems. I then moved into the position of Supplier management and worked to help the suppliers with delivery issues. My last rotation was in the plant where I saw it all come together. In the plant, I actually saw the parts that I had ordered go onto the vehicle. I saw the process come full circle. My rotations allowed me to see how what I did as a buyer affected what happens in the plant. In the plant, I was constantly wondering why parts were being moved to Mexico. I understood the cost savings, but when you are waiting for a train to arrive or a truck that is stuck at the border – those decisions become quite a headache. Article in Relation to HRM Companies as a whole are looking for ways to not only bring in the best and the brightest, but they are also looking for ways to keep them. Job rotation programs allow companies to give employees options. If they can move around the company in a company sponsored program, they can see what sort of opportunities they like and would be best for their career aspirations. Recruiting can get expensive but it you can allow your employees the chance to see what their options are within the company, they are more likely to stay. A formalized rotation programs allows them to move around with looking like they are jumping from job to job. That does not look good. Sustaining interest in a single job is not always easy and could cause retention problems for companies. There is a downside to job rotations. If the employees enter the job and don’t have the skills necessary, then the work will often fall on the others within the department. Because there is a learning curve, and because the work has to get done, someone in the department will have to take up the slack and there may be some resistance or push back. (Jusko, 2011) Conclusion I would have to say that after participating in the job rotation program at Chrysler, I was a much better at each and every job after that.  When I was in a buying position, I was especially sure that I built in time to cross the border or as a delivery specialist, I discussed routing with suppliers. I would have to say that the most beneficial time I spent was at the plant. Every decision made from the design of the vehicle to the location of the supplier effects what happens as the assembly plant. It would be my suggestion that every person that has something to do with the manufacturing of anything rotate through the plant and get a feel for what the decision you make may mean down the line.

Types of Drugs - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 782 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/20 Category Medicine Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Drugs Essay Did you like this example? 1. This name describes the chemical structure of the drug and is generally not used due to its long and complicated name. Answer A a. Chemical Name b. Generic Name c. Official Name d. Trade Name 2. This name is established by the USAN (United States Adopted Names Council). Answer B a. Chemical Name b. Generic Name c. Official Name d. Trade Name 3. This name is â€Å"owned† by a drug company. Answer D a. Chemical Name b. Generic Name c. Official Name d. Trade Name 4. This name is what the medication is listed under in the USP/NF (United States Pharmacopeia/National Formulary). Answer C a. Chemical Name b. Generic Name c. Official Name d. Trade Name 5. True or False: One drug may have several generic names. Answer B a. True b. False 6. True or False: The generic name is also known as the proprietary name. Answer B a. True b. False 7. True or False: The official name is not always the same as the generic name. Answer A a. True b. False 8. â€Å"(2S,5R,6R)-6-{[(2R)-2-a mino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-acetyl]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3. 2. 0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid† is what kind of name? Answer A a. Chemical Name b. Generic Name c. Official Name d. Trade Name . According to the text, â€Å"Amoxicillin capsules, tablets, chewable tablets and powder for oral suspension† is what kind of name? Answer E a. Chemical Name b. Generic Name c. Official Name d. Trade Name e. Official and Generic Name 10. According to www. medlineplus. gov, what are some brand or trade names for valproic acid? Answer E a. Depakote ® b. Depakene ® c. Dilantin ® d. Phenytek ® e. Answers A B f. Answers C D 11. According to www. medlineplus. gov, what is NOT an indication or use for valproic acid? Answer A a. Anorexia b. Headache prevention c. Bipolar disorder d. Seizures 2. According to www. medlineplus. gov, what which of the following is NOT a brand name for azithromycin? Answer B a. Zithromax ® b. Zithromax Quad Pack ® c. Zithromax Tri -Pak ® d. Zithromax Z-Pak ® e. All of the above 13. According to www. medlineplus. gov, which of the following would be an indication for azithromycin? Answer C a. Influenza b. Acne c. Upper respiratory track infections d. Topical treatment of skin infections 14. According to www. medlineplus. gov, levothyroxine may have the following trade or brand names EXCEPT: Answer C a. Synthroid ® b. Levoxyl ® c. Cytomel ® d. Unithroid ® 15. According to www. medlineplus. gov, which two medications are considered antibiotics? Answer D a. Levothyroxine and amoxicillin b. Azithromycin and atenolol c. Azithromycin and atorvastatin d. Amoxicillin and azithromycin 16. According to www. medlineplus. gov, a brand or trade name for atenolol is:Answer C a. Lopressor ® b. Toprol XL ® c. Tenormin ® d. Tenoretic ® 17. According to www. medlineplus. gov, the main indication for levothyroxine is: Answer A a. Treatment of low thyroid hormone b. Treatment of blood pressure c. Treatme nt of diabetes d. Treatment for weight loss 18. According to www. medlineplus. gov, which of the following is an indication for the use of atorvastatin? Answer F a. Treatment high cholesterol b. To reduce the risk of heart attack for those with, or at risk for, heart disease c. To reduce the risk of stroke for those with, or at risk for, heart disease d. To reduce the risk of diabetes e. All of the above except A f. All of the above except D 19. According to www. medlineplus. gov, the brand or trade name for atorvastatin is: Answer A a. Lipitor ® b. Crestor ® c. Zocor ® d. Pravachol ® 20. According to www. medlineplus. gov, which of the following is NOT a use for atenolol: Answer C a. Hypertension (high blood pressure) b. Angina (chest pain) c. Hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol) d. Improve survival after a heart attack 21. According to www. medlineplus. gov, which of the following is a brand or trade name for amoxicillin? Answer E a. Amoxil ® b. Augmentin ® c. Trimox ® d. Answers A B e. Answers A C 22. According to www. medlineplus. gov, amoxicillin may be used to treat bacterial infections such as: Answer E a. urinary tract infections . bronchitis c. gonorrhea d. skin infections e. all of the above 23. What are the two types of drug names that a pharmacy technician could typically see on a written prescription from a doctor? Answer C a. chemical or generic b. chemical or trade c. trade or generic d. official or chemical e. official or generic 24. True or False: There can only be one trade name for a medication. Answer B a. True b. False 25. True or False: The generic name is given to a drug by the manufacturer after the drug becomes officially recognized. Answer B a. True b. False Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Types of Drugs" essay for you Create order

Integrating Sustainable Business Practices to an Organization

In today’s world of business the role of leadership team has been to integrate sustainable business practices into the organisations and ethics are key agenda items (Smart et al., 2010).Businesses can be tempted to make short-term gains by turning a blind eye to ethics that will lead to the loss of reputation (Barman et al.,2010). Thierry Pilenko said that â€Å"It is in the power of the leaders, stakeholders and employees to make sure that the ethics are the core values in order to maintain good reputation†. The ethics and the social responsibility are cooperative and a company that acknowledges the importance of sustaining the environment and the people involved makes good profit (Drotskie,2014,chap.5,p.92).The businesses that turned blind eye to ethics have faced the consequences of losing their reputation and remuneration, for example American gas Organisation took unethical decisions that left them being bankrupt (Drotskie,2014,chap.5,p.92).Makgoba stated that Sout h Africa has ethical dilemmas that results to the level of distrust for the government. DESCRIPTION OF ETHICS, VALUES AND SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS In business world it has become too easy to let small infractions slide by until they become big problems (Templeton,2010).Ethics have become the core values that guide the managers, stakeholders and employees how to behave in an ethical way and the values promote exemplary behaviour in all circumstances (Pilenko,p.4,2011).Reputation is a priceless asset that mostShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Standards For Supply Chains1564 Words   |  7 Pagesmove a product or provide a service from a warehouse to store shelves or make information available to a customer, supply chain management needs solid facts on the day to day activity of the business from all partners in the supply chain. To save cost and deliver more goods to more destinations faster, a business and their suppliers must have a standardized supply chain to improve supply chain management. 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